|| || () || )||||( , .. () || (||| (||| (|||| || |( ) || ||||) || ( ( --/ ( || || || || || ) || () (||| () (||| () (|||| ()() || () || () || () ||||) || i.c.e.d:t.r.i.p || icedtrip.net admin: icedtrip icedtrip@icedtrip.net Installing Debian 3.0 (woody) on a Powerbook 1400 Due to the limited information and documentation that I have found on the net about the installation of Linux on my Powerbook 1400cs, I decided to combine all that I found, and upon getting a successful install, write a detailed document outlining how I succeeded at this. Well, I have succeeded, so here is the detailed guide outlining how I accomplished this. I chose to use the Debian distro over other distros such as YDL due to its easy ability to install off a hard drive rather than a CD-ROM, as all who have tried this on a 1400 know that the expansion bay unit is not easy to get up and going, and even if you succeed at this, it will most likely get countless IDE errors. The Machine: Powerbook 1400cs 56 MB RAM 750MB Internal HD 9GB External SCSI Drive (Only needed if your Internal drive is not large enough) MacSense MPC-10 PCMCIA 10bT Ethernet Card (Still working on this one) Agere/Lucent/Orinoco 802.11b PCMCIA Card (Likewise, still working on this one) The iso's: The below iso's can be downloaded from the below link. Just select a mirror: http://www.debian.org/CD/http-ftp/ debian-30r2-powerpc-binary-1.iso debian-30r2-powerpc-binary-2.iso debian-30r2-powerpc-binary-3.iso You can also go to the below link to obtain the minimum Debian 3.0 install iso to install a very base system, but I found that once I had done this, I could do a little more work to get the regular iso's to work with much more functionality and easy installation of more packages. Regardless, the instructions listed below should be similar, if not the same, for the min install or the full blown deal. http://www.phy.olemiss.edu/debian-cd/ The Much Needed Software and Kernels: Go to Etsushi Kato's Nubus site below to obtain the necessary bootloaders and kernels. http://nubus-pmac.sourceforge.net/ More specifically, you will need the following Apple MkLinux Booter http://nubus-pmac.sourceforge.net/nubus-pmac/Apple_MkLinux_Booter.sit.hqx Debian Woody Mach Kernel with Installer http://nubus-pmac.sourceforge.net/nubus-pmac/test/MachKernel-Debian-woody-021029.gz Debian Woody and YDL 2.x, 3.0 Latest Mach Kernel http://nubus-pmac.sourceforge.net/nubus-pmac/test/MachKernel-2.4.27-040811.gz Some important notes: - The Linux installers had a hard time reading HFS+, but not an issue regarding HFS - PCMCIA is not supported on the 1400 without help or a specialized kernel - The Expansion Bay on the 1400 is not supported without help or a specialized kernel - Patience is needed Overview: The installation will be on a Powerbook 1400 with 750MB of HD space. Not quite adequate for even a halfway decent install, but I will fight the X Windows thing further down the road. The idea here is to get a working Linux install with PCMCIA support for my Ethernet card. Getting the Expansion Bay working will only be a bonus as the SCSI drives work fine for what I need. I will be installing Debian (Woody) from the actual iso's off of the SCSI drives onto the 1400's HD. 50MB of the 750 MB drive will be for the minimum MacOS install and the remaining will be for the Linux install. Now, let's begin. The Process: 1 - The necessities - Make sure you get the above mentioned bootloaders and kernels, as these are much needed to get anywhere. Go ahead and get the necessary iso's as well, whether you intend to use the minimum install or the actual iso's is your choice. We will be performing a minimum install regardless using the iso's for apt-get purposes once the install is done. Do not put these on your internal drive as this will be re-partitioned shortly, unless you have already performed the partitioning on your own. 2 - Partitioning - Assuming you have all the iso's and software on a SCSI drive, or your internal drive if already partitioned, boot up with the OS 9 (or your choice) CD and partition the drive with the first partition being 50MB, and the second being the remainder of the drive. Now install OS 9 using a custom installation on the base package to eliminate all unnecessary aspects of the OS. You decide what is unnecessary. I got my install under 30MB by placing all utility apps (Disk Copy, Disk First Aid, Stuffit Expander, Simpletext, etc) on my SCSI drive. 3 - Linux Preparation - Once everything is installed boot up under you newly installed OS with the SCSI drive attached. Once booted, unstuff the Apple_MkLinux_Booter.sit.hqx and place all the contained items where their folders tell you too. When you unstuff the file, you will know what I am talking about. Use Stuffit Expander to decompress the Kernel+Installer (the MachKernel-Debian-woody-021029.gz file). Rename this file to 'Mach Kernel' without the tic marks and drop it in your extensions folder. Now go to the Control Panel and select the MkLinux control panel. Click on Custom and delete everything. Put the following in the text: rootdev=/dev/ram mach_options= ramdisk=8192 keyboard_sends_linux_keycodes=1 video=nbpmacfb Save the file, quit Simpletext, and click restart in the MkLinux control panel. When the MkLinux boot screen appears, choose Linux. If successful, you will now boot into Linux. 4 - The Install pt.1 - Once the installer boots, choose your language (mine, English(United States)), choose Continue on the next screen, and Configure your keyboard as necessary (mine, U.S. English (QWERTY)). 5 - The Install pt.2 - Now, depending on whether you have already partitioned your drive for Linux or not, the next screen may be different. Regardless, choose the option to 'Partition a Hard Disk.' Choose your HD (Internal most likely will be /dev/hda, SCSI is /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, etc). For the next screen choose to Continue and ignore what it says as we will not use the Quik bootloader. You will be dropped into pdisk to do the partitioning. Type 'p' and Enter. Depending on your partitioning table the next few steps may differ, so make sure you have the partition numbers right. Look for your MacOS install (following this guide, it would be the 50MB partition). Find the next number (mine, /dev/hda10), type 'd' and Enter. Type your partition number next (mine, 10) and hit Enter. Type 'p' to check that it is now showing as Apple_Free. Now, to set up swap, type 'c' Enter, your base block number, and depending on your needs and HD space, the size of the partition (mine, 84M). Name it 'swap.' Do the same thing again for '/' but this time the length will be the remainder of the Free Space (yes you can separate /usr, /var, /home, etc, but my limited HD space kept me from the frustrations of this). Now, before you write out the table, check it first. If you have messed up, the quit without writing the table and start over. When you are happy, jot down your swap and Linux partition numbers, especially '/,' type 'w' and Enter, confirm with a 'y,' and type 'q' and Enter. 6 - The Install pt.3 - Once out of pdisk, choose the next step, 'Initialize and Activate a Swap Partition.' This will most likely bring up your swap partition, but if it shows multiple selections, choose the one you just made. Say no to the bad blocks question and continue. Next choose to 'Initialize a Linux Partition.' Choose your '/' partition first. Choose Ext2 or Ext3, your choice. Say no to the bad block question and continue. Say 'yes' to mounting '/.' If you have more partitions to Initialize, do this now. 5 - The Install pt.4 - Now, to get a little more complicated we are about to jump into the installer's shell. Before we choose to 'Install Kernel and Driver Modules' we must mount our install image. First, choose to 'Mount a Previously-Initialized Partition,' and select the drive and partition that contains the iso's (mine, /dev/sdb3), select 'other' as the mount point, and mount it at '/instmnt/isos'. Now, hit 'option+F2' to drop into a shell. Hit Enter, cd to '/target/instmnt/isos', and type 'ls' to see your iso's. Now, we need to make another mount directory for the image, so type 'mkdir /target/instmnt/woody1'. To mount the first iso, we type, 'mount -o loop /target/instmnt/isos/"iso name" /target/instmnt/woody1/'. Hit 'option+F1' to now go back to the installer. We will need to visit the shell one more time before we are finished. 6 - The Install pt.5 - Now that you are back to the installation, select 'Install Kernel and Driver Modules,' select 'mounted' as the medium, and choose '/target/instmnt/woody1,' wait a few seconds and choose the directory that it lists next. This will install the kernel and driver modules that will not be used by us, but are necessary to complete the install. Depending on your system, you may need to wait a few minutes (I am working on a 117Mhz mammoth with no backside cache). When it completes, it is almost time to jump back to the, but first let's get an error message. Choose 'Configure Device Driver Modules,' select continue, and stop. Take notice of the next message. Jot down the path you see, most likely (if you have been using what I have above) '/target/lib/modules/2.4.20-pre11'. Go ahead and hit continue. Now, go back to the shell ('option+F2), cd to '/target/lib/modules/', type 'ls' to see the contents. You will see two directories (2.4.18 and 2.4.18-newpmac), neither of which are 2.4.20-pre11 simply because we are using a newer kernel than the iso's default. No problem, type 'mv 2.4.18-newpmac 2.4.20-pre11'. Use the 2.4.18-newpmac, not the 2.4.18 as it will not work. We are now set. Go back to the installer (option+F1) and try the 'Configure Device Driver Modules' again. You will know you are successful when the screen freezes for just a moment. No worries, just be patient. 7 - The Install pt.6 - On the next screen do not install any modules, just hit 'Exit.' Next, 'Configure the hostname,' then finally, hit 'Install the Base System,' select 'mounted' as the medium, choose '/target/instmnt/woody1' and select the directory it comes back with. Now is a good time for a break and a drink. Sit back, relax, and don't worry. If you are a true geek, you can even watch it. Everything should be going well up to this point. 8 - Finalizing pt.1 - We are almost done. It is now time to boot back into MacOS and switch out our kernels. After the base install completes, select to 'Reboot the System' on the next screen and confirm the reboot, but this time during boot, select MacOS to boot. Once back in Mac OS, decompress MachKernel-2.4.27-040811.gz using Stuffit Expander. Rename the decompressed file to Mach Kernel, and drop it in your extensions folder. Say yes to replacing the other one. Open the MkLinux control panel again, and select custom. Change the following: rootdev=/dev/ram mach_options= ramdisk=8192 keyboard_sends_linux_keycodes=1 video=nbpmacfb to rootdev=/dev/"root partition" #"root partition" is the partition for '/' mach_options= keyboard_sends_linux_keycodes=1 video=nbpmacfb Now, restart and choose Linux at the MkLinux boot screen. You should now boot fine into Linux for some configuration settings. 9 - Finalizing pt.2 - Congratulations if you have made it this far. Debain congratulates you too. Hit 'OK.' Now, select you time zone etc on your own. This one isn't hard. Next, choose to enable md5 passwords and shadow passwords (I guess these are your decisions, but I don't see why you would choose no). Choose a good root password next and hit 'OK.' Re-enter and continue. Say yes to creating a user account, enter the information it asks, and continue. Once more, not hard to follow. Not sure why it asks this next question about removing the PCMCIA packages, but say no, as I experienced problems saying yes once. The next step is to set up PPP to intall the system, but we do not have networking going yet, plus we have the iso's, so say 'NO.' 10 - Finalizing pt.3 - Now it is time to set up 'apt' for access off the iso's. Before selecting the method, let's jump into a shell to mount our iso's. Hit 'option+F2' and login as root using the password you specified. cd to '/instmnt' where you should still have two directories, 'isos' and 'woody1.' The 'isos' directory most likely has your HFS volume with the iso's mounted in it. If it doesn't, mount it to this location. Now, we need two more directoried that will be used by apt. So 'mkdir /instmnt/woody2' and 'mkdir /instmnt/woody3' since we already have 'woody1.' Now to mount the iso's, mount -o loop /target/instmnt/isos/"iso name1" /target/instmnt/woody1/ mount -o loop /target/instmnt/isos/"iso name2" /target/instmnt/woody2/ mount -o loop /target/instmnt/isos/"iso name3" /target/instmnt/woody3/ Now that we have everything mounted, go back to the configuration by hitting 'option+F1'. The apt method we need to choose now is 'filesystem.' Choose 'NO' to non-US software as this requires network connectivity (getting there), and say 'NO' to the next question for good measure. For the mirror directory, put '/instmnt/woody1/' and hit Enter. Let it do its thing and say yes to another source, and repeat for '/instmnt/woody2/' and '/instmnt/woody3/'. Once all 3 iso's are set up for apt, select NO to another source, and NO to the security.debian.org question (another network deal). Now, we are sitting at th 'tasksel' screen with a dilemna. Should we install packages right now, or not. I have had some success with this, as selecting packeges through 'tasksel,' and later 'deselect', will work, but we need to think 'babysteps.' Let's get networking working first, then install later with apt-get. No point in getting headaches with package installing until we can use our PCMCIA cards, right? OK, so say no to 'tasksel' and then no to 'dselect.' Now, we have not installed anything yet, but go ahead and say 'Y' to erase previously downloaded .deb files. Press Enter to continue to more configuration. 11 - Finalizing pt.3 - Hit Enter for the mail system configuration portion and for the time being choose 4 as we have more important things to get done, namely networking. Enter your user account for postmaster delivery, and for the time being, say 'Y' to the next question. Finally!! We are done with the install. Say 'Thank You Debian' and hit Enter. All this configuration makes me feel like a good reboot (whether needed or not) just to make sure everything is up and going properly. Login as root, and type 'reboot'. Congratulations, you now have a base install of Debian (Woody) Linux. 12 - Misc. pt.1 - Networking is now the topic of choice. Luckily, networking is now available to the Powerbook 5300 and 1400 through the use of PCMCIA. The Mach Kernel you currently have installed (as long as you followed this guide) has the patch already in place, but this was only possible through http://www.muru.com/linux/ppc/. Now, let's move on. In order to use your ethernet card, you will need to modify one file based on your network configuration. Open '/etc/network/interfaces' using root with your favorite text editor. I use a DHCP router at home and pretty much everywhere else so one simple line worked for me with what was on the file by default. Below is my setup: # /etc/network/interfaces -- configuration file for ifup(8), ifdown(8) # The loopback interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # This is default # Customized Network Settings iface eth0 inet dhcp # My oneliner This enables